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Topic 1 Australia to 1914

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Federation and Defending Our Shores

Federation was a time of jobs and opportunities. With our 12,000 mile coast Australia needed a defence force.

From the website Australians At Work

The Sugar Labour Trade

Phyllis Corowa's father and grandmother were taken from Vanuatu to work on a Queensland sugar plantation.

From the website Pacific Stories

Constructing the East-West Rail Link

Rare archival footage from 1910 shows camels carrying heavy supplies across the desert. Railway labourers are building the 1400 km railway that will finally link Western Australia with the Eastern States.

From the website Australians At Work

The Founding of Canberra

In 1913 the Basic Living Wage of 2 pounds 8 shillings a week is introduced. Politicians, including William Morris (Billy) Hughes, lay the Foundation Stone for the new National Capital in Canberra.

From the website Australians At Work

Gold Rush in the West

Gold, more than any other single factor, transformed the Australian colonies.

From the website Constructing Australia

Stuart encounters Outback Aborigines

When John Stuart crossed the interior of Australia, he did so in ignorance of the complex set of boundaries and rules for the use of shared resources that existed among the Aboriginal people.

From the website Constructing Australia

O'Connor's Dream for Water

In 1890 C. Y. O'Connor was recruited to work as Chief Engineer in the newly self-governing colony of Western Australia, where he formed a dynamic partnership with the colony's larger-than-life Premier, John Forrest.

From the website Constructing Australia

The West and Federation

Some sort of federation of the Australian colonies had been suggested as early as 1846. Ferocious political struggles over the shape of the new nation continued to the eleventh hour.

From the website Constructing Australia

Todd's Telegraph Dream

Charles Todd dreamt of constructing a telegraph line through the heart of the continent.

From the website Constructing Australia

Todd completes Telegraph

In 1870 Charles Todd, using explorer John McDouall Stuart's maps, organised and lead three teams to lay the overland telegraph wire.

From the website Constructing Australia

A Telegraph Line across the Continent

The story of the struggle to cross a vast continent and build the telegraph line that would bring Australia to the world and the world to Australia.

From the website Constructing Australia

Stuart Crosses the Continent

There was enormous public and media speculation about whether the Victorian backed Burke and Wills or South Australia's Stuart expedition would be the first to cross the continent's interior.

From the website Constructing Australia

Andrew Fisher’s Lunch Box

Andrew Fisher’s tin lunch box reminds us that humble beginnings informed his political career: he went from union organiser to three-time Prime Minister, inventing the Australian ideal of a ‘fair go’ along the way.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Edmund Barton and the Velvet Soap Advertisement

The Velvet Soap advertising campaign is a tongue-in-cheek reminder of Edmund Barton’s hand in formulating the White Australia policy.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Federation and Defending Our Shores

Federation was a time of jobs and opportunities. With our 12,000 mile coast Australia needed a defence force.

From the website Australians At Work

Augustus Earle and his Dog, Jemmy

Misadventure turned to good fortune when young English artist Augustus Earle was rescued after being marooned on a remote island and accidentally became the colony’s first trained artist.

From the website Hidden Treasures – Inside the National Library of Australia

A Passionate Collector

Through his passion for collecting, New Zealander Rex Nan Kivell invented a new aristocratic identity.

From the website Hidden Treasures – Inside the National Library of Australia

Topic 2 Australia and World War 1

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World War 1 and the Conscription Referenda

Prime Minister William Morris (Billy) Hughes' Conscription Referendum failed twice, in 1916 and 1917.

From the website Australians At Work

The Magic Pudding Illustrations

Norman Lindsay’s <cite>The Magic Pudding</cite> is one of our best-loved children’s books and the central character, one of our great Australian anti-heroes.

From the website National Treasures

Gallipoli Boat

A small lifeboat, retrieved from the shores of Gallipoli, is a direct link to the first Anzacs and the day that helped forge Australia’s identity.

From the website National Treasures

The Effects of World War 1 on the Australian Economy

When our troops were sent off to war in 1914, industry in Australia boomed. Steel was necessary for guns and ships.

From the website Australians At Work

Jack Hazlitt - World War 1 Digger

A World War 1 digger reflects on his work as a runner in the trenches at Gallipoli. Hopping across the trenches in full view of the Turkish snipers, the average life of a runner was 24 hours.

From the website Australians At Work

Stanley Melbourne Bruce's Cigarette Case

Stanley Melbourne Bruce treasured Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s gift of a gold cigarette case throughout his life.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

William Hughes and the 1916 Conscription Badge

William Hughes, “The Little Digger”, campaigned twice for national conscription to boost an Australian army decimated by World War One.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Topic 3 Australia between the Wars

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Fox Movietone News

The importance in Australian news broadcasting history of Movietone and other newsreels.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Phar Lap's Hide

In the 1930s, a New Zealand-born horse called Phar Lap won the hearts of Australians and became one of our most loved and enduring icons.

From the website National Treasures

Newsreels before sound

Newsreels included events of both political and social importance and were screened all day long in specially designed cinemas.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Cinesound Review

Ray Edmondson provides a history of Cinesound. Liz Jacka talks abut the differences between newsreels and today's TV news.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Bradman's Bats

Donald Bradman’s bats are a reminder of how this cricket legend played himself into the record books, earning the status of Australian icon.

From the website National Treasures

The Sentimental Bloke Film

The classic 1919 silent movie <cite>The Sentimental Bloke</cite> is regarded as one of the greatest Australian films.

From the website National Treasures

Building the Bridge

In 2007 Australia celebrated the 75th anniversary of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, a giant steel arch resembling a coat hanger that has became one of world's most recognised structures and an engineering triumph.

From the website Constructing Australia

The Bridge Workers

The construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was a massive investment for the NSW government. The cost was not only in monetary terms but also the destruction of significant areas of Sydney’s heritage and the loss of lives.

From the website Constructing Australia

Joseph Lyons’ Love Letters

Politics rarely produces impassioned romantics, which makes the hundreds of letters Joseph Lyons wrote to his adored wife and confidante, Enid, as fascinating as they are unexpected

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

James Scullin And The GCMG

James Scullin inspired the people when he offered to rent out The Lodge during the Depression, but his fierce nationalism is best revealed in his campaign to install an Australian-born Governor General.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Stanley Melbourne Bruce's Cigarette Case

Stanley Melbourne Bruce treasured Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s gift of a gold cigarette case throughout his life.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Topic 4 Australia and World War 2

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HMAS Sydney's Carley Float

A tiny, war-ravaged liferaft from the HMAS Sydney is our only physical link to Australia’s worst-ever naval disaster.

From the website National Treasures

Censorship in Media

John Safran discusses censorship in Australian media.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Newsreels boost morale

Newsreels of the war boosted the morale of Australians at the home front. The newsreel of Australian troops on the Kokoda Track shared the Oscar for Best Documentary in 1942.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Return to the Thai-Burma Railway

Weary Dunlop and his elderly comrades return to the site of the Thai-Burma railway. As prisoners of war they each had to dig three cubic metres of earth a day, virtually with their bare hands.

From the website Australians At Work

John Curtin’s Australian Journalists’ Association Badge

John Curtin’s journalistic instincts came in handy during World War Two when he kept the media onside with secret press briefings. He wore his AJA badge every day he was in office.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Robert Menzies’ Camera

Robert Menzies’ lifelong passion for home movies resulted in a surprisingly personal record of the war years, including footage of a young Princess Elizabeth.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Topic 5 Australia in the Vietnam War Era

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Australian Soldiers on Patrol in Vietnam

What does it feel like to be a soldier at war? Tense young Australian soldiers creep through the Vietnamese jungle, ever on the alert for the Viet Cong.

From the website Australians At Work

Cuc Lam's Suitcase

It may be just a small red vinyl suitcase but for Vietnamese refugee Cuc Lam it’s a symbol of a new beginning in a new country.

From the website National Treasures

Robert Menzies’ Camera

Robert Menzies’ lifelong passion for home movies resulted in a surprisingly personal record of the war years, including footage of a young Princess Elizabeth.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Topic 6 Changing Rights and Freedoms

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Ethnic Community Broadcasting

Liz Jacka talks about how SBS was established to cater to minority communities as part of multicultural policy in the late 1970s.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Media and ethnic broadcasting

Australians tune in to a radio address from Immigration Minister Arthur Caldwell in 1949. Liz Jacka describes how the world opened up for SBS' audience through its early broadcasts.

From the website From Wireless to Web

CAAMA & Indigenous Broadcasting

A broadcast studio at Radio Redfern in the late 80s. Christina Spurgeon talks about the importance of providing media services to remote Indigenous communities to the culture, identity and language of Aboriginal Australians.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Imparja: Indigenous Broadcasting

Imparja Television allows Indigenous communities to tell their stories and to communicate both with each other as well as the wider Australian community.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Cuc Lam's Suitcase

It may be just a small red vinyl suitcase but for Vietnamese refugee Cuc Lam it’s a symbol of a new beginning in a new country.

From the website National Treasures

Topic 8 Australia's social and cultural history

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Effects of TV on radio

Tim Bowden describes how radio continued to prosper after the launch of television. John Safran reveals what attracts him to television production rather than radio. Corinne Grant talks about the link between the soap box and talkback radio.

From the website From Wireless to Web

First Surfboard

Huge, heavy and finless, the first Aussie surfboard was actually handmade by a visiting Hawaiian in 1914 using a piece of local wood.

From the website National Treasures

Launch of TV

Liz Jacka provides a brief history of the debate on how to establish television broadcasting in Australia. Tim Bowden recalls the enthusiasm with which Australians embraced television.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Radio Soap Operas

Actors gather around a microphone to record an episode of radio soap <cite>The Country Hour</cite>. Tim Bowden reflects on how significant radio series were in Australia.

From the website From Wireless to Web

First prime-time Soap Opera

Scott Goodings links the popularity of <cite>Number 96</cite>, first screened in 1972, with the post-Menzies liberalisation of society and media content.

From the website From Wireless to Web

The Youth Market

Tim Bowden reflects on the emergence of youth culture with the advent of rock'n'roll.

From the website From Wireless to Web

TV Pop & Rock

The opening sequence from <cite>Six O'Clock Rock</cite> - Australia's first national teenage programme on the ABC. Scott Goodings gives a history of music shows on Australian television.

From the website From Wireless to Web

TV Soap Opera

TV soap operas have the ability to reflect Australian society and culture and connect people through the shared memory of watching a television show.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Channel 9 and cricket

Self-confessed cricket lover Tim Bowden remembers when Channel 9 took over the cricket broadcasts from the ABC.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Sport - a spectacular television event

Behind the scenes of a transmission from Wembley Stadium, seen on Australian television.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Technology Timeline 1960s: film vs video image quality

Ray Edmondson compares the image quality of 35mm and 16mm film when it is transmitted in cinemas, on television and over the Internet.

From the website From Wireless to Web

TV Soap Opera

TV soap operas have the ability to reflect Australian society and culture and connect people through the shared memory of watching a television show.

From the website From Wireless to Web

End of Cinema Newsreel

The ultimate decline of cinema newsreels occurred with the coming of colour television.

From the website From Wireless to Web

Ben Chifley’s Pipe

Possibly our best loved Prime Minister, and a former train driver, Ben Chifley was rarely seen without his pipe, as he guided the country through the austere post-war years.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures

Harold Holt’s Briefcase

The disappearance of our seventeenth Prime Minister, Harold Holt, during a beach holiday sparked countless conspiracy theories. The items left in his briefcase are a significant time capsule of his last days as Prime Minister.

From the website The Prime Ministers' National Treasures