Captain Cook - Great Southern Continent

Great Southern Continent is an excerpt from A Likely Lad, the first episode of the 4 x one-hour series Captain Cook – Obsession and Discovery, produced in 2007.

Captain James Cook FRS RN (October 27, 1728 – February 14, 1779) was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer. Cook made three epic voyages around the world.

This excerpt marks the most significant turning point in Cook’s life, his selection as Captain of the Endeavour to embark on a voyage of discovery for the British Royal Navy. This was one of the British Empire’s first great scientific expeditions, to study the Transit of Venus in the Pacific Ocean and chart the ‘Great Southern Continent’. The narrator of the series, Vanessa Collingridge, describes the 18th Century legend of the ‘Great Southern Continent’ and why Cook was chosen to find and chart it. Cook had emerged as a superb navigator, one who could best be relied upon to find any southern lands as he was an outstanding cartographer and would be able to map it accurately.

In the excerpt, Professor John Gascoigne from the University of NSW describes the thirst for land and power that had increased greatly in the 18th Century. Gascoigne explains how Britain hoped to reap the riches of the legendary southern continent just as Europe had already secured with the discovery of America. The choice of Cook, who at the time was just a ships’ master, was a calculated one based on his skill rather than patronage. The excerpt reveals the fortuitous choice of Cook’s ship the Endeavour, a Whitby cat with a flat-bottomed keel, only 35 metres long (equivalent to the length of 7 family cars). The Whitby cat had traditionally been used to carry coal from Whitby to the Thames and back loaded with timber. Cat is an acronym of “coal and timber ship”. This type of ship had been Cook’s “classroom of the sea” where he had learnt the seaman’s trade.

Captain Cook – Obsession and Discovery is a Film Australia National Interest Program. A Cook Films, Ferns Productions, South Pacific Pictures and December Films production. Produced with the assistance of New Zealand On Air, the Canadian Television Fund and Film Victoria, in association with History Television, ZDF in co-operation with ARTE and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. An Australia – Canada Co-production.

Students will learn:

• how documentaries represent their time of production through style and content
• how historical figures are represented in documentaries
• to critically anyalse the codes and conventions of contemporary documentaries
• to critically analyse the clip’s production values and point of view
• to produce a documentary text about an Australian explorer using research methods and sources

Curriculum links
National: The Statements of Learning for English- Year 9
Reading, viewing and interpreting information and argument texts

• Students read and view texts that entertain, move, parody, investigate,
  analyse, argue and persuade. These texts explore personal, social, cultural
  and political issues of significance to the students’ own lives.
• Students understand that readers and viewers may need to develop knowledge
  about particular events, issues and contexts to interpret texts.

Writing

• When students write information or argument texts, they make appropriate selections of information from a few sources and attempt to synthesise and organise these in a logical way.
• Students write imaginative texts in print and electronic mediums that contain personal, social and cultural ideas and issues related to their own lives and communities and their views of their expanding world.

This resource is also relevant to Media Studies- Documentaries, Australian History, Geography and Visual Arts.

These outcomes relate generally to English curricula across Australia. Teachers and students should consult their state’s curriculum and learning programs.

Go to The National Curriculum Statements for English

“I had ambition not only to go farther than any man had been before, but as far as it was possible for a man to go.” James Cook

In the series, best selling British author Vanessa Collingridge, a Geographer and Cook expert tells the story of the explorer James Cook. The series traces him from his origins as son of an English farm labourer, at the very bottom of Britain’s class-bound 18th Century society, through his rise as the best cartographer of the 18th Century, to his incredible voyages of discovery which resulted in Cook describing more of the globe than any other man.

The series relives what it was like to navigate uncharted and unknown waters in search of a legendary ‘Great Southern Continent’ and then a North West passage through the Arctic ice; as well as to be among the first Europeans to visit exotic Pacific islands like Tahiti. The harshness and danger of life on the sea is depicted graphically as well as the rigid social structure of the time. The series includes direct descendants of the indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Hawaii who Cook met 240 years ago and the men of the Endeavour, Resolution, Adventure and Discovery, particularly the famous gentleman botanist Joseph Banks and the young William Bligh.

All of Cook’s major achievements are dramatised and analysed including his discovery of Hawaii, sailing the uncharted coast of New Zealand, proving it isn’t part of the ‘Great Southern Continent’ and the landing at Botany Bay as he claimed Australia for king and country, to death on a beach on the far side of the world.

A hero to some, a villain to others, Cook is depicted from different points of view: as an historic figure of the great stature to the British Royal Navy of the 18th Century and contemporary western culture, and as an exploiter of the Indigenous peoples he came across.

Discuss

1. The documentary’s point of view in regards to Cook. What spoken , visual and written text elements contribute to this view?
2. How are visual codes used in this clip to represent:
   1. the knowledge of the geography of the world before Cook set out on his first voyage?
      View the opening 3D images of the globe of the Earth as people in the 18th Century conceived of it. Is this a more powerful representation that using a map? What production elements are used to represent the unknown southern part of the globe; consider colour, use of light and dark and shot size and movement.
   2. the imagined riches of the Great Southern Continent? Consider the symbolic use of mythical animals, wealth and power and how they are represented as pop ups on a map.
   3. the ship chosen for Cook? Why is a painting of the ship used at this point in the documentary? How does it contribute to the visual style of the clip?
3. How the various production and visual conventions in this clip are used to convey the information – for example, paintings, maps, digital images, interview to camera and narration. What modes and their styles, used in this multimodal text, indicate it was produced recently?

Create a Text

1. Write a diary entry for Cook or another Australian explorer that celebrates an important event in their lives. Research the explorer’s life using library resources: books, articles, DVDs etc and the Internet) see below for some recommended sites).
2. Storyboard a short scene in which Cook takes command of the Endeavour or sets sail.
3. Produce a short video (students could use DVD cameras or mobile phones) based on the clip, that dramatises Cook being given the news that he is to find the Great Southern Land. The video is to use only close ups.

For teachers notes and further information go to the Film Australia Captain Cook – Obsession and Discovery showcase.

Go to Endeavour-Captain Cook’s Journal 1968–71 to read from Captain Cook’s handwritten journals.

Go to Project Guttenberg of Australia for extracts online from the journals of Australian explorers.

Go to Screen Education and Metro Magazine for excellent articles and study guides for studying Australian documentaries and how to produce media.

For complete script to screen tutorials on the production of storyboards and video go to The Australian Children’s Television Foundation, Live Action Kit